Peran Ulama dan Tokoh Masyarakat Sukabumi dalam Memperjuangkan dan Mempraktikan Kebijakan Publik di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
This article aims to conduct a historical-analytical examination of how religious scholars and community leaders in Sukabumi—particularly K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (1888–1950)—advocated for and applied principles of public policy in the context of resistance to colonialism, nation-building, and post-independence governance in the Republic of Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach with a historical-interpretive design. Data were collected through analysis of colonial archives (ANRI), BPUPKI documents, the written works of K.H. Ahmad Sanusi, in-depth interviews with the figure’s descendants and students, as well as primary and secondary academic literature. The analysis employs the frameworks of Historical Institutionalism, the Policy Paradigm, and the New Public Service. The study identifies three main dimensions of the Sukabumi ulama’s public policy practices: (1) transformative educational policies through pesantren as instruments for human resource empowerment and cultural resistance; (2) social policies grounded in maqashid al-syariah that prioritize the public interest (maslahah ‘ammah) over individual or group interests; and (3) inclusive political participation policies that reconciled Islamic values with the democratic principles of Pancasila during the 1945 BPUPKI sessions. Ulama and community leaders in Sukabumi have demonstrated that public policies rooted in religious values, local wisdom, and community participation constitute an authentic, legitimate, and sustainable governance model. This legacy offers an alternative paradigm for contemporary Indonesian public policy design, which is currently seeking its identity amid globalization and digital disruption.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
Rincian Artikel
Bagian
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Cara Mengutip
Referensi
Anderson, J. E. (2014). Public policymaking: An introduction (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Aspinall, E., & Mietzner, M. (2014). Problems of democratisation in Indonesia: Elections, institutions and society. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Bevir, M., & Rhodes, R. A. W. (2006). Interpreting British governance. Routledge.
Buehler, M. (2016). The politics of Shari'a law: Islamist activists and the state in democratizing Indonesia. Cambridge University Press.
Denhardt, J. V., & Denhardt, R. B. (2003). The new public service: Serving, not steering. M.E. Sharpe.
Dye, T. R. (2013). Understanding public policy (14th ed.). Pearson.
Falah, M. (2009). Riwayat perjuangan K.H. Ahmad Sanusi. Museum Wirasakti.
Feillard, A. (1999). NU vis-a-vis negara: Pencarian isi, bentuk dan makna. LKIS.
Hall, P. A. (1993). Policy paradigms, social learning, and the state: The case of economic policymaking in Britain. Comparative Politics, 25(3), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/422246
Hall, P. A., & Taylor, R. C. R. (1996). Political science and the three new institutionalisms. Political Studies, 44(5), 936–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00343.x
Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Harvard University Press.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. (n.d.). Al-Thuruq al-Hukmiyyah fi al-Siyasah al-Syar'iyyah. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.
Iskandar, M. (2001). Para pengemban amanat: Gerakan Islam di Jawa Barat pada masa pergerakan nasional 1900–1942. Mata Bangsa.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Cornell University Press.
Noer, D. (1973). The modernist Muslim movement in Indonesia 1900–1942. Oxford University Press.
Pierson, P. (2004). Politics in time: History, institutions, and social analysis. Princeton University Press.
Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press.
Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1200 (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Saleh, Munandi. (2025). Sistem Politik Indonesia. Mata Kata Inspirasi.
Saleh, Munandi. (2026). K.H. Ahmad Sanusi : Riwayat Hidup, Pemikiran dan Perjuangannya dalam Pergolakan Nasional. Mata Kata Inspirasi.
Saleh, Munandi & Suciati, Idea. (2026). Etika Administrasi Publik: Mewujudkan New Public Service. Pusbangter.
Al-Syatibi, I. (n.d.). Al-Muwafaqat fi Ushul al-Syari'ah (4 vols.). Dar Ibn Affan.
Thelen, K., & Steinmo, S. (1992). Historical institutionalism in comparative politics. In S. Steinmo, K. Thelen, & F. Longstreth (Eds.), Structuring politics: Historical institutionalism in comparative analysis (pp. 1–32). Cambridge University Press.
Tim Peneliti INKHAS. (2020). Biografi dan pemikiran K.H. Ahmad Sanusi: Pahlawan Nasional dari Sukabumi. Institut K.H. Ahmad Sanusi Press.
van Bruinessen, M. (1995). Kitab kuning: Pesantren dan tarekat. Mizan.
Wibawa, S. (2011). Politik kebijakan publik Indonesia. Gava Media.